Removing bootloader completely - Forums Linux |
- Removing bootloader completely
- how to one-off print across network?
- Can't launch ethereal--- bash: ethereal: command not found
- Any one followed "how to build a minimal linux system from source code" and succeded?
- CPU Fan Constantly Blowing
- getting xterm colors changed
- Now it boots, now it doesn't
- Configure DSL and Linux network
- Finding compatible Linux
- [newbie] GRUB and 2nd HD
- network adapter: broken in windows, works in linux?
- About the Linux Redhat 8.0 CPU Cache
| Removing bootloader completely Posted: 21 Jun 2005 10:11 PM PDT "Peter T. Breuer" <it.uc3m.es> writes: To copy you must read. Try copying a file with read permission. And dd if=/dev/hda of=/tmp/mbr bs=512 count=1 will read it and write it to /tmp/mbr, where you can use any editor you please to do what you want with it. In fact a hex editor on /dev/hda would probably also do it. Or less /dev/hda: or..... Of course if you want to understand what it says, you may need to translate it, but that would be true if the file were written in Urdu as well. |
| how to one-off print across network? Posted: 20 Jun 2005 07:13 AM PDT In comp.os.linux.setup Nico Kadel-Garcia <net>: Wonder what this has to do with the possibility of using netcat to print to a network printer? -- Michael Heiming (X-PGP-Sig > GPG-Key ID: EDD27B94) mail: echo qr | perl -pe 'y/a-z/n-za-m/' #bofh excuse 86: Runt packets |
| Can't launch ethereal--- bash: ethereal: command not found Posted: 20 Jun 2005 03:08 AM PDT oh Alex... You are the MAN. thanks for teaching me something good. K |
| Any one followed "how to build a minimal linux system from source code" and succeded? Posted: 19 Jun 2005 05:33 PM PDT Bill Marcum wrote: That script, rc.sysinit is so big, but I will post it below. I will check out the 2 distro and look at their boot script. As for the bootloader of my build, I use GRUB. This is the one used in the host, what I do is create a new partition, build my minimal system over there and modify the grub.conf to pick up my build. Any other suggestion? Here is the rc.sysinit below, there are many error messages flashing over the screen in booting, I add some "sleep 3" to the script and see some errors like this, "mount:mount point /proc does not exist" #!/bin/bash # # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time # # Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc. # # Rerun ourselves through initlog if [ -z "$IN_INITLOG" -a -x /sbin/initlog ]; then exec /sbin/initlog -r /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit fi # If we're using devfs, start devfsd now - we need the old device names [ -e /dev/.devfsd -a -x /sbin/devfsd ] && /sbin/devfsd /dev HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname` if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network fi if [ -z "$HOSTNAME" -o "$HOSTNAME" = "(none)" ]; then HOSTNAME=localhost fi # Mount /proc (done here so volume labels can work with fsck) mount -n -t proc /proc /proc .. /etc/init.d/functions HOSTTYPE=`uname -m` if [ "$HOSTTYPE" != "s390" -a "$HOSTTYPE" != "s390x" ]; then last=0 for i in `LC_ALL=C grep '^[0-9].*respawn:/sbin/mingetty' /etc/inittab | sed 's/^.* tty\([0-9][0-9]*\).*/\1/g'`; do last=$i done if [ $last -gt 0 ]; then fi fi if [ "$CONSOLETYPE" = "vt" -a -x /sbin/setsysfont ]; then echo -n "Setting default font ($SYSFONT): " /sbin/setsysfont if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then success else failure fi echo ; echo fi # Print a text banner. echo -en $"\t\tWelcome to " if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "Red Hat" /etc/redhat-release ; then [ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ] && echo -en "\\033[0;31m" echo -en "Red Hat" [ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ] && echo -en "\\033[0;39m" PRODUCT=`sed "s/Red Hat \(.*\) release.*/\1/" /etc/redhat-release` echo " $PRODUCT" else PRODUCT=`sed "s/ release.*//g" /etc/redhat-release` echo "$PRODUCT" fi if [ "$PROMPT" != "no" ]; then echo -en $"\t\tPress 'I' to enter interactive startup." echo fi # Fix console loglevel if [ -n "$LOGLEVEL" ]; then /bin/dmesg -n $LOGLEVEL fi # Start the graphical boot, if necessary; /usr may not be mounted yet, so we # may have to do this again after mounting RHGB_STARTED=0 mount -n -t devpts /dev/pts /dev/pts # Unmount the initrd, if necessary if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q /initrd /proc/mounts && ! LC_ALL=C fgrep -q /initrd/loopfs /proc/mounts ; then if [ -e /initrd/dev/.devfsd ]; then umount /initrd/dev fi umount /initrd /sbin/blockdev --flushbufs /dev/ram0 >/dev/null 2>&1 fi if fgrep rhgb /proc/cmdline > /dev/null 2>&1 && [ "$BOOTUP" = "color" -a "$GRAPHICAL" = "yes" -a -x /usr/bin/rhgb ]; then /usr/bin/rhgb RHGB_STARTED=1 fi # Configure kernel parameters update_boot_stage RCkernelparam action $"Configuring kernel parameters: " sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.conf # Set the system clock. update_boot_stage RCclock ARC=0 SRM=0 UTC=0 if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/clock ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/clock # convert old style clock config to new values if [ "${CLOCKMODE}" = "GMT" ]; then UTC=true elif [ "${CLOCKMODE}" = "ARC" ]; then ARC=true fi fi CLOCKDEF="" CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --hctosys" case "$UTC" in yes|true) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --utc" CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (utc)" ;; no|false) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --localtime" CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (localtime)" ;; esac case "$ARC" in yes|true) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --arc" CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (arc)" ;; esac case "$SRM" in yes|true) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --srm" CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (srm)" ;; esac /sbin/hwclock $CLOCKFLAGS action $"Setting clock $CLOCKDEF: `date`" date if [ "$CONSOLETYPE" = "vt" -a -x /bin/loadkeys ]; then KEYTABLE= KEYMAP= if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/console/default.kmap ]; then KEYMAP=/etc/sysconfig/console/default.kmap else if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/keyboard ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/keyboard fi if [ -n "$KEYTABLE" -a -d "/lib/kbd/keymaps" ]; then KEYMAP="$KEYTABLE.map" fi fi if [ -n "$KEYMAP" ]; then # Since this takes in/output from stdin/out, we can't use initlog if [ -n "$KEYTABLE" ]; then echo -n $"Loading default keymap ($KEYTABLE): " else echo -n $"Loading default keymap: " fi loadkeys $KEYMAP < /dev/tty0 > /dev/tty0 2>/dev/null && \ success $"Loading default keymap" || failure $"Loading default keymap" echo fi fi # Set the hostname. update_boot_stage RChostname action $"Setting hostname ${HOSTNAME}: " hostname ${HOSTNAME} # Only read this once. cmdline=$(cat /proc/cmdline) # Initialiaze ACPI bits if [ -d /proc/acpi ]; then for module in /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/acpi/* ; do insmod $module done fi # Initialize USB controller and HID devices update_boot_stage RCusb usb=0 if ! strstr "$cmdline" nousb ; then if ! LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "usb" /proc/devices 2>/dev/null ; then aliases=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias usb-controller/ { print $3 }'` if [ -n "$aliases" -a "$aliases" != "off" ]; then modprobe usbcore for alias in $aliases ; do [ "$alias" = "off" ] && continue action $"Initializing USB controller ($alias): " modprobe $alias done [ $? -eq 0 -a -n "$aliases" ] && usb=1 fi fi if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "usb" /proc/devices 2>/dev/null ; then usb=1 fi fi if [ $usb = 1 -a ! -f /proc/bus/usb/devices ]; then action $"Mounting USB filesystem: " mount -t usbdevfs usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb fi needusbstorage= if [ $usb = "1" ]; then needusbstorage=`LC_ALL=C grep -e "^I.*Cls=08" /proc/bus/usb/devices 2>/dev/null` LC_ALL=C fgrep 'hid' /proc/bus/usb/drivers || action $"Initializing USB HID interface: " modprobe hid 2> /dev/null action $"Initializing USB keyboard: " modprobe keybdev 2> /dev/null action $"Initializing USB mouse: " modprobe mousedev 2> /dev/null fi if [ -f /fastboot ] || strstr "$cmdline" fastboot ; then fastboot=yes fi if [ -f /fsckoptions ]; then fsckoptions=`cat /fsckoptions` fi if [ -f /forcefsck ] || strstr "$cmdline" forcefsck ; then fsckoptions="-f $fsckoptions" elif [ -f /.autofsck ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ; then chvt 1 fi echo $"Your system appears to have shut down uncleanly" AUTOFSCK_TIMEOUT=5 [ -f /etc/sysconfig/autofsck ] && . /etc/sysconfig/autofsck if [ "$AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK" = "yes" ]; then AUTOFSCK_OPT=-f fi if [ "$PROMPT" != "no" ]; then if [ "$AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK" = "yes" ]; then if /sbin/getkey -c $AUTOFSCK_TIMEOUT -m $"Press N within %d seconds to not force file system integrity check..." n ; then AUTOFSCK_OPT= fi else if /sbin/getkey -c $AUTOFSCK_TIMEOUT -m $"Press Y within %d seconds to force file system integrity check..." y ; then AUTOFSCK_OPT=-f fi fi echo else # PROMPT not allowed if [ "$AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK" = "yes" ]; then echo $"Forcing file system integrity check due to default setting" else echo $"Not forcing file system integrity check due to default setting" fi fi fsckoptions="$AUTOFSCK_OPT $fsckoptions" fi if [ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ]; then fsckoptions="-C $fsckoptions" else fsckoptions="-V $fsckoptions" fi _RUN_QUOTACHECK=0 ROOTFSTYPE=`awk '/ \/ / && ($3 !~ /rootfs/) { print $3 }' /proc/mounts` if [ -z "$fastboot" -a "X$ROOTFSTYPE" != "Xnfs" ]; then STRING=$"Checking root filesystem" echo $STRING initlog -c "fsck -T -a / $fsckoptions" rc=$? if [ "$rc" = "0" ]; then success "$STRING" echo elif [ "$rc" = "1" ]; then passed "$STRING" echo fi # A return of 2 or higher means there were serious problems. if [ $rc -gt 1 ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ; then chvt 1 fi failure "$STRING" echo echo echo $"*** An error occurred during the file system check." echo $"*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot" echo $"*** when you leave the shell." str=$"(Repair filesystem)" PS1="$str \# # "; export PS1 sulogin echo $"Unmounting file systems" umount -a mount -n -o remount,ro / echo $"Automatic reboot in progress." reboot -f elif [ "$rc" = "1" ]; then _RUN_QUOTACHECK=1 fi fi # Possibly update quotas if fsck was run on /. LC_ALL=C grep -E '[[:space:]]+/[[:space:]]+' /etc/fstab | \ awk '{ print $4 }' | \ LC_ALL=C fgrep -q quota _ROOT_HAS_QUOTA=$? if [ X"$_RUN_QUOTACHECK" = X1 -a \ "$_ROOT_HAS_QUOTA" = "0" -a \ -x /sbin/quotacheck ]; then if [ -x /sbin/convertquota ]; then if [ -f /quota.user ]; then action $"Converting old user quota files: " \ /sbin/convertquota -u / && rm -f /quota.user fi if [ -f /quota.group ]; then action $"Converting old group quota files: " \ /sbin/convertquota -g / && rm -f /quota.group fi fi action $"Checking root filesystem quotas: " /sbin/quotacheck -nug / fi if [ -x /sbin/isapnp -a -f /etc/isapnp.conf -a ! -f /proc/isapnp ]; then # check for arguments passed from kernel if ! strstr "$cmdline" nopnp ; then PNP=yes fi if [ -n "$PNP" ]; then action $"Setting up ISA PNP devices: " /sbin/isapnp /etc/isapnp.conf else action $"Skipping ISA PNP configuration at users request: " /bin/true fi fi # Remount the root filesystem read-write. update_boot_stage RCmountfs state=`awk '/ \/ / && ($3 !~ /rootfs/) { print $4 }' /proc/mounts` [ "$state" != "rw" ] && \ action $"Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode: " mount -n -o remount,rw / # LVM initialization if [ -f /etc/lvmtab ]; then [ -e /proc/lvm ] || modprobe lvm-mod > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ -e /proc/lvm -a -x /sbin/vgchange ]; then action $"Setting up Logical Volume Management:" /sbin/vgscan && /sbin/vgchange -a y fi fi # Start up swapping. update_boot_stage RCswap action $"Activating swap partitions: " swapon -a -e # Clear mtab # Remove stale backups rm -f /etc/mtab~ /etc/mtab~~ # Enter root, /proc and (potentially) /proc/bus/usb and devfs into mtab. mount -f / mount -f /proc mount -f /dev/pts [ -f /proc/bus/usb/devices ] && mount -f -t usbdevfs usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb [ -e /dev/.devfsd ] && mount -f -t devfs devfs /dev # The root filesystem is now read-write, so we can now log # via syslog() directly.. if [ -n "$IN_INITLOG" ]; then IN_INITLOG= fi if ! strstr "$cmdline" nomodules && [ -f /proc/modules ] ; then USEMODULES=y fi unamer=`uname -r` # Our modutils don't support it anymore, so we might as well remove # the preferred link. rm -f /lib/modules/preferred /lib/modules/default if [ -x /sbin/depmod -a -n "$USEMODULES" ]; then # If they aren't using a recent sane kernel, make a link for them if ! strstr $unamer - ; then ktag="`cat /proc/version`" mtag=`LC_ALL=C fgrep -l "$ktag" /lib/modules/*/.rhkmvtag 2> /dev/null` if [ -n "$mtag" ]; then mver=`echo $mtag | sed -e 's,/lib/modules/,,' -e 's,/.rhkmvtag,,' -e 's,[ ].*$,,'` fi if [ -n "$mver" ]; then ln -sf /lib/modules/$mver /lib/modules/default fi fi if [ -L /lib/modules/default ]; then INITLOG_ARGS= action $"Finding module dependencies: " depmod -A default else INITLOG_ARGS= action $"Finding module dependencies: " depmod -A fi fi # tweak isapnp settings if needed. if [ -n "$PNP" -a -f /proc/isapnp -a -x /sbin/sndconfig ]; then /sbin/sndconfig --mungepnp >/dev/null 2>&1 fi # Load sound modules if and only if they need persistent DMA buffers if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "options sound dmabuf=1" /etc/modules.conf 2>/dev/null ; then alias=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias sound / { print $3 }'` if [ -n "$alias" -a "$alias" != "off" ]; then action $"Loading sound module ($alias): " modprobe sound fi alias=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias sound-slot-0 / { print $3 }'` if [ -n "$alias" -a "$alias" != "off" ]; then action $"Loading sound module ($alias): " modprobe sound-slot-0 fi fi if [ -f /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe ]; then if [ -n "$USEMODULES" ]; then sysctl -w kernel.modprobe="/sbin/modprobe" >/dev/null 2>&1 sysctl -w kernel.hotplug="/sbin/hotplug" >/dev/null 2>&1 else # We used to set this to NULL, but that causes 'failed to exec' messages" sysctl -w kernel.modprobe="/bin/true" >/dev/null 2>&1 sysctl -w kernel.hotplug="/bin/true" >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi # Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs) if [ -f /etc/rc.modules ]; then /etc/rc.modules fi update_boot_stage RCraid if [ -f /etc/raidtab ]; then # Add raid devices [ -f /proc/mdstat ] || modprobe md >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ -f /proc/mdstat ]; then echo -n $"Starting up RAID devices: " rc=0 for i in `awk '{if ($1=="raiddev") print $2}' /etc/raidtab` do RAIDDEV=`basename $i` RAIDSTAT=`LC_ALL=C grep "^$RAIDDEV : active" /proc/mdstat` if [ -z "$RAIDSTAT" ]; then # First scan the /etc/fstab for the "noauto"-flag # for this device. If found, skip the initialization # for it to avoid dropping to a shell on errors. # If not, try raidstart...if that fails then # fall back to raidadd, raidrun. If that # also fails, then we drop to a shell RESULT=1 INFSTAB=`LC_ALL=C grep -c "^$i" /etc/fstab` if [ $INFSTAB -eq 0 ] ; then RESULT=0 RAIDDEV="$RAIDDEV(skipped)" fi NOAUTO=`LC_ALL=C grep "^$i" /etc/fstab | LC_ALL=C fgrep -c "noauto"` if [ $NOAUTO -gt 0 ]; then RESULT=0 RAIDDEV="$RAIDDEV(skipped)" fi if [ $RESULT -gt 0 -a -x /sbin/raidstart ]; then /sbin/raidstart $i RESULT=$? fi if [ $RESULT -gt 0 -a -x /sbin/raid0run ]; then /sbin/raid0run $i RESULT=$? fi if [ $RESULT -gt 0 -a -x /sbin/raidadd -a -x /sbin/raidrun ]; then /sbin/raidadd $i /sbin/raidrun $i RESULT=$? fi if [ $RESULT -gt 0 ]; then rc=1 fi echo -n "$RAIDDEV " else echo -n "$RAIDDEV " fi done echo # A non-zero return means there were problems. if [ $rc -gt 0 ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ; then chvt 1 fi echo echo echo $"*** An error occurred during the RAID startup" echo $"*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot" echo $"*** when you leave the shell." str=$"(RAID Repair)" PS1="$str \# # "; export PS1 sulogin echo $"Unmounting file systems" umount -a mount -n -o remount,ro / echo $"Automatic reboot in progress." reboot -f fi # LVM initialization, take 2 (it could be on top of RAID) if [ -e /proc/lvm -a -x /sbin/vgchange -a -f /etc/lvmtab ]; then action $"Setting up Logical Volume Management:" /sbin/vgscan && /sbin/vgchange -a y fi fi fi if [ -x /sbin/devlabel ]; then /sbin/devlabel restart fi _RUN_QUOTACHECK=0 # Check filesystems if [ -z "$fastboot" ]; then STRING=$"Checking filesystems" echo $STRING initlog -c "fsck -T -R -A -a $fsckoptions" rc=$? if [ "$rc" = "0" ]; then success "$STRING" echo elif [ "$rc" = "1" ]; then passed "$STRING" echo fi # A return of 2 or higher means there were serious problems. if [ $rc -gt 1 ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ; then chvt 1 fi failure "$STRING" echo echo echo $"*** An error occurred during the file system check." echo $"*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot" echo $"*** when you leave the shell." str=$"(Repair filesystem)" PS1="$str \# # "; export PS1 sulogin echo $"Unmounting file systems" umount -a mount -n -o remount,ro / echo $"Automatic reboot in progress." reboot -f elif [ "$rc" = "1" -a -x /sbin/quotacheck ]; then _RUN_QUOTACHECK=1 fi fi # Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already # mounted). Contrary to standard usage, # filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode. action $"Mounting local filesystems: " mount -a -t nonfs,smbfs,ncpfs -O no_netdev # Start the graphical boot, if necessary and not done yet. if fgrep rhgb /proc/cmdline > /dev/null 2>&1 && [ "$RHGB_STARTED" -eq 0 -a "$BOOTUP" = "color" -a "$GRAPHICAL" = "yes" -a -x /usr/bin/rhgb ]; then /usr/bin/rhgb RHGB_STARTED=1 fi # check remaining quotas other than root if [ X"$_RUN_QUOTACHECK" = X1 -a -x /sbin/quotacheck ]; then if [ -x /sbin/convertquota ]; then # try to convert old quotas for mountpt in `awk '$4 ~ /quota/{print $2}' /etc/mtab` ; do if [ -f "$mountpt/quota.user" ]; then action $"Converting old user quota files: " \ /sbin/convertquota -u $mountpt && \ rm -f $mountpt/quota.user fi if [ -f "$mountpt/quota.group" ]; then action $"Converting old group quota files: " \ /sbin/convertquota -g $mountpt && \ rm -f $mountpt/quota.group fi done fi action $"Checking local filesystem quotas: " /sbin/quotacheck -aRnug fi if [ -x /sbin/quotaon ]; then action $"Enabling local filesystem quotas: " /sbin/quotaon -aug fi # Configure machine if necessary. if [ -f /.unconfigured ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ; then chvt 1 fi if [ -x /usr/sbin/kbdconfig ]; then /usr/sbin/kbdconfig fi if [ -x /usr/bin/passwd ]; then /usr/bin/passwd root fi if [ -x /usr/sbin/netconfig ]; then /usr/sbin/netconfig fi if [ -x /usr/sbin/timeconfig ]; then /usr/sbin/timeconfig fi if [ -x /usr/sbin/authconfig ]; then /usr/sbin/authconfig --nostart fi if [ -x /usr/sbin/ntsysv ]; then /usr/sbin/ntsysv --level 35 fi # Reread in network configuration data. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network # Reset the hostname. action $"Resetting hostname ${HOSTNAME}: " hostname ${HOSTNAME} fi rm -f /.unconfigured fi # Clean out /. rm -f /fastboot /fsckoptions /forcefsck /.autofsck /halt /poweroff # Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don't set them up, but the sysadmin might... _NEED_XFILES= [ -f /var/run/utmpx -o -f /var/log/wtmpx ] && _NEED_XFILES=1 # Clean up /var. I'd use find, but /usr may not be mounted. for afile in /var/lock/* /var/run/* ; do if [ -d "$afile" ]; then case "$afile" in */news|*/mon) ;; */sudo|*/vmware) rm -f $afile/*/* ;; *) rm -f $afile/* ;; esac else rm -f $afile fi done rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db* # Reset pam_console permissions [ -x /sbin/pam_console_apply ] && /sbin/pam_console_apply -r { # Clean up utmp/wtmp touch /var/log/wtmp chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/wtmp chmod 0664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/wtmp if [ -n "$_NEED_XFILES" ]; then touch /var/log/wtmpx chgrp utmp /var/run/utmpx /var/log/wtmpx chmod 0664 /var/run/utmpx /var/log/wtmpx fi # Delete X locks rm -f /tmp/.X*-lock # Delete VNC & X locks rm -rf /tmp/.X*-unix # Delete ICE locks rm -rf /tmp/.ICE-unix # Delete Postgres sockets rm -f /tmp/.s.PGSQL.* # Now turn on swap in case we swap to files. swapon -a action $"Enabling swap space: " /bin/true # Initialize the serial ports. if [ -f /etc/rc.serial ]; then . /etc/rc.serial fi # If a SCSI tape has been detected, load the st module unconditionally # since many SCSI tapes don't deal well with st being loaded and unloaded if [ -f /proc/scsi/scsi -a -n "$USEMODULES" ]; then if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q 'Type: Sequential-Access' /proc/scsi/scsi 2>/dev/null ; then if LC_ALL=C fgrep -qv ' 9 st' /proc/devices ; then modprobe st >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi fi # Load usb storage here, to match most other things if [ -n "$needusbstorage" ]; then modprobe usb-storage >/dev/null 2>&1 fi # Ooh, firewire too. if ! strstr "$cmdline" nofirewire ; then aliases=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias ieee1394-controller/ { print $3 }'` if [ -n "$aliases" -a "$aliases" != "off" ]; then for alias in $aliases ; do [ "$alias" = "off" ] && continue action $"Initializing firewire controller ($alias): " modprobe $alias done LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "SBP2" /proc/bus/ieee1394/devices 2>/dev/null && \ modprobe sbp2 >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi # If they asked for ide-scsi, load it if strstr "$cmdline" ide-scsi ; then modprobe ide-cd >/dev/null 2>&1 modprobe ide-scsi >/dev/null 2>&1 fi # Turn on harddisk optimization # There is only one file /etc/sysconfig/harddisks for all disks # after installing the hdparm-RPM. If you need different hdparm parameters # for each of your disks, copy /etc/sysconfig/harddisks to # /etc/sysconfig/harddiskhda (hdb, hdc...) and modify it. # Each disk which has no special parameters will use the defaults. # Each non-disk which has no special parameters will be ignored. # disk[0]=s; disk[1]=hda; disk[2]=hdb; disk[3]=hdc; disk[4]=hdd; disk[5]=hde; disk[6]=hdf; disk[7]=hdg; disk[8]=hdh; disk[9]=hdi; disk[10]=hdj; disk[11]=hdk; disk[12]=hdl; disk[13]=hdm; disk[14]=hdn; disk[15]=hdo; disk[16]=hdp; disk[17]=hdq; disk[18]=hdr; disk[19]=hds; disk[20]=hdt; if [ -x /sbin/hdparm ]; then for device in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20; do unset MULTIPLE_IO USE_DMA EIDE_32BIT LOOKAHEAD EXTRA_PARAMS if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/harddisk${disk[$device]} ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/harddisk${disk[$device]} HDFLAGS[$device]= if [ -n "$MULTIPLE_IO" ]; then HDFLAGS[$device]="-q -m$MULTIPLE_IO" fi if [ -n "$USE_DMA" ]; then HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]} -q -d$USE_DMA" fi if [ -n "$EIDE_32BIT" ]; then HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]} -q -c$EIDE_32BIT" fi if [ -n "$LOOKAHEAD" ]; then HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]} -q -A$LOOKAHEAD" fi if [ -n "$EXTRA_PARAMS" ]; then HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]} $EXTRA_PARAMS" fi else HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[0]}" fi if [ -e "/proc/ide/${disk[$device]}/media" ]; then hdmedia=`cat /proc/ide/${disk[$device]}/media` if [ "$hdmedia" = "disk" -o -f "/etc/sysconfig/harddisk${disk[$device]}" ]; then if [ -n "${HDFLAGS[$device]}" ]; then action $"Setting hard drive parameters for ${disk[$device]}: " /sbin/hdparm ${HDFLAGS[$device]} /dev/${disk[$device]} fi fi fi done fi # Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else. if [ -x /usr/sbin/redhat-config-network-cmd ]; then if strstr "$cmdline" netprofile= ; then for arg in $cmdline ; do if [ "${arg##netprofile=}" != "${arg}" ]; then /usr/sbin/redhat-config-network-cmd --profile ${arg##netprofile=} fi done fi fi # Generate a header that defines the boot kernel. /sbin/mkkerneldoth # Adjust symlinks as necessary in /boot to keep system services from # spewing messages about mismatched System maps and so on. if [ -L /boot/System.map -a -r /boot/System.map-$unamer -a \ ! /boot/System.map -ef /boot/System.map-$unamer ]; then ln -s -f System.map-$unamer /boot/System.map fi if [ ! -e /boot/System.map -a -r /boot/System.map-$unamer ]; then ln -s -f System.map-$unamer /boot/System.map fi # The special Red Hat kernel library symlink must point to the right library # We need to deal with cases where there is no library, and we need to # deal with any version numbers that show up. shopt -s nullglob for library in /lib/kernel/$unamer/libredhat-kernel.so* ; do ln -f $library /lib/ ldconfig -n /lib/ done shopt -u nullglob # Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going, # let's dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later dmesg -s 131072 > /var/log/dmesg # Also keep kernel symbols around in case we need them for debugging i=5 while [ $i -ge 0 ]; do if [ -f /var/log/ksyms.$i ]; then chmod 0600 /var/log/ksyms.$i mv /var/log/ksyms.$i /var/log/ksyms.$(($i+1)) fi i=$(($i-1)) done { date uname -a cat /proc/cpuinfo [ -r /proc/modules ] && cat /proc/modules [ -r /proc/ksyms ] && cat /proc/ksyms } > /var/log/ksyms.0 chmod 600 /var/log/ksyms.0 # create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with timeout touch /.autofsck kill -TERM `/sbin/pidof getkey` >/dev/null 2>&1 } & if strstr "$cmdline" confirm ; then touch /var/run/confirm fi if [ "$PROMPT" != "no" ]; then /sbin/getkey i && touch /var/run/confirm fi wait # Let rhgb know that we're leaving rc.sysinit if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ; then /usr/bin/rhgb-client --sysinit fi |
| Posted: 18 Jun 2005 06:17 AM PDT John Thompson wrote: Noise reduction is another very valid reason. Jeff |
| Posted: 17 Jun 2005 10:16 AM PDT On Sat, 18 Jun 2005 03:18:07 -0500, Hal Murray <org> wrote: Like most other things in GNU/Linux, you can change the colors if you know where to look. man dircolors. Or you can choose not to use color. -- I cannot believe that God plays dice with the cosmos. -- Albert Einstein, on the randomness of quantum mechanics |
| Posted: 17 Jun 2005 05:51 AM PDT On Fri, 17 Jun 2005 07:49:30 -0700, bxf wrote: You still should post which version of linux, kernel version, and error message(s) you get when the boot fails. It's from that we would be able to help you. |
| Configure DSL and Linux network Posted: 16 Jun 2005 07:32 PM PDT com wrote in news:1118975524.162199.71560 @f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com: Pretty complicated. With a Westell modem/router, you could plug the modem ethernet cable into a hub (Can use switches instead of a hus, switches are more expensive.), then plug each computer into the hub with an ethernet cable. You can plug a wireless access point into the hub and even more hubs into the hub. The modem will give out IP addresses and set the linux machines to use DHCP and the windows machine to automatic TCP config. Give each machine a name and you should be all set. Install samba to share stuff from linux to Windows, use the same workgroup on all machines, and this will work and is not that hard to do. Yes there are further details but if you don't think you like this idea, then no point on going on further. This would be the simplest way to do it though. If you want more details then tell what distro you are using on the linux machines and "what kind of talking" that you need between the machines. Are you sharing drives and printers? Do you want to use one of the linux talk programs? Will you be running any servers like web, ftp, or games? Webmin is a most excellent linux tool to configure everything linux, from hardware and networking to all system processes and samba sharing. You use webmin from your browser to config the linux machines, can sit at your XP machine and use your browser and webmin to configure and administer your linux machines right from one browser. Pretty cool. http://www.webmin.com Those external Ethernet Westell modem/routers kick butt, I use one at work for 10 machines all over the place and they all have blazing Internet and can share between them all. Using them for all small LAN/Internet stuff now and they are a dream come true. They are easy to setup and configure with the web interface. I setup all my friends and family this way because they work, stay connected to the Internet all the time if you want, and are powerful if you want to IP forward or port forward, use various services, etc. I have a small LAN with a Westell Wirespeed 2100 modem/router and have 1 Fedora Core 3 machine and two Windows XP Pro machines fed from it. No problems at all, this setup rocks. -- ~Ohmster "Read Ohmster" in subject, bypass spam filter. ohmster /a/t/ newsguy dot com |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2005 10:23 AM PDT On Thu, 16 Jun 2005 17:23:10 +0000, Ken Knecht wrote: Caveat: I am not using Xandros v2. Yes, it might be a little bit difficult. On the other hand, it might be easy. You'll never know until you try. 1. Back up windows (or not, you choose.) 2. Pick a distribution (debian, mepis, fedora, etc.) 3. Get started. I looked at the HP site for the Compaq Presario 5000T. That looks like a fairly standard PC. Was there something specific giving you trouble? The fact you can run Knoppix is a sign that you should be able to run other distributions with little trouble. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2005 05:29 PM PDT On Thu, 16 Jun 2005 16:10:23 GMT, Lucas Raab wrote: Then 1024 limit will not exist for grub. |
| network adapter: broken in windows, works in linux? Posted: 15 Jun 2005 09:27 AM PDT M Trimble wrote: .... sorry, additional information: I don't have physical access to the router to do that, the landlord doesn't like the wires. Free 802.11b internet access is included with the rent :) now, I've used the adapter on both eth0 and eth1 of computer one, under linux, so I know that the adapter and eth0 and eth1 all "work." I've also used the adapter on computer2, which only has one ethernet plug. so, I know that computer2 works fine. I've even go to the length of re-installing windows on both machines. the wl-330g was initially configured under window 'cause there's a gui utility for windows. it *can* be configured without the gui, also, but it was, err, challenging for me ;) so, on the dual-boot machine, computer1, I configured the adapter from windows. I used the adapter for a long time without touching windows. I re-formatted the windows partition FAT32 (got rid of the FAT32 swap). after doing that, now the problems. now is when I need the darn thing, the adapter, to work for my own intranet. yes, the adapter works under linux on computer1. the adapter works like a charm in either eth0 or eth1, same difference. I've ruled out a hardware issue, except for the problem between windows and wl-330g. in the past I've use the wl-330g on computer2, also. I've been reading the pdf manual (lost the paper version). on page 4 there's a picture of the wl-330g connected to a switch: "Device Installation Using DC power 1. Insert one end of the supplied RJ-45 cable to the WL-330g Ethernet port. 2. Insert the other of the RJ-45 cable to a network hub, switch, router or wall patch Ethernet port. 3. Connect the power adapter plug to the WL-330g DC-IN socket. 4. Connect the WL-330g power adapter to a wall socket. 5. Connect the network hub, switch, or router power adapter plug to the DC-IN socket of the device. 6. connect the network hub, switch, or router power adapter to a wall socket." in the picture there's a third socket/hole/button/whatever on the far right. I can't find any mention as to what this is. and, on page 19 the manual states that " Device setup Using the device in a local network You can use the WL-330g to connect a WLAN-enabled computer to a local network with or without a DHCP server. To connect a WLAN-enabled computer to a local network: 1. Switch the WL-330g to AP mode. (Default SSID: AP xxxxx), then turn on the device. 2. Connect one end of the supplied RJ-45 cable to the Ethernet port of the device and the other end to the Ethernet port of the local network. 3.) Use the WLAN adapter software in the WLAN enabled computer to perform a Site Survey. Make sure the computer's WLAN adapter is set to Infrastructure mode. 4.) Establish connection with the WL-330g. 5.) Set the IP configuration of the computer to establis connection to the local network. Verify you connection. Use the Wireless Setting Utility to change WL-330g SSID or encryption settings." now, I've been trying this without flipping the switch the device from "adapter" to "access point", my fault. however, I don't believe it'll work even if I try this other way. I say that because the adapter is invisible, at least to windows. the hub I have is untested. hmm, perhaps I should set up ftp, or whatever, between computer1 and computer2 to rule out hardware problems. this is taking way too long to muck with. there's a linux community meeting coming up, but even that's just taking far too long. yes, i've posted several times at <http://vip.asus.com/forum/bbs.aspx?board_id=11&SLanguage=en-us> without response. I even posted about the java-script "server busy" error every time I try to contact asus support. I wonder if I need to using their web-form from internet explorer. grr. I don't have a phone, but I'll give them a call from a payphone or something, I guess. any thoughts? thanks, Thufir |
| About the Linux Redhat 8.0 CPU Cache Posted: 12 Jun 2005 11:09 AM PDT QuangLe wrote: Of course it does show the same: your hardware is the same. I get about the same: four like this: processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 15 model : 2 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.06GHz stepping : 5 cpu MHz : 3056.552 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 runqueue : 0 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 2 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm bogomips : 6094.84 Cache size is a little misleading as my processors have a 1024MB L3 cache as well as the 512KB L2 cache and the L1 caches. The problem I believe you have in understanding these data is that they omit the L1 and L3 cache information. What you may be seeking will be in your /var/log/messages, shortly after the boot process has started, like here (leading columns deleted): kernel: Initializing CPU#0 kernel: Detected 3056.552 MHz processor. kernel: Console: colour VGA+ 80x25 kernel: Calibrating delay loop... 6094.84 BogoMIPS kernel: Page-cache hash table entries: 2097152 (order: 11, 8192 KB) kernel: Page-pin hash table entries: 524288 (order: 9, 2048 KB) kernel: Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8192 KB) kernel: Inode cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4096 KB) kernel: Buffer cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 9, 2048 KB) kernel: Memory: 4096068k/4325376k available (1716k kernel code, 93048k reserved, 1302k data, 228k init, 3276224k highmem) kernel: Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) kernel: CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K kernel: CPU: L2 cache: 512K kernel: CPU: L3 cache: 1024K kernel: CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0 kernel: Intel machine check architecture supported. kernel: Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0. -- .~. Jean-David Beyer Registered Linux User 85642. /V\ PGP-Key: 9A2FC99A Registered Machine 241939. /( )\ Shrewsbury, New Jersey http://counter.li.org ^^-^^ 13:05:00 up 1 day, 6:54, 3 users, load average: 4.34, 4.32, 4.21 |
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