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Removing bootloader completely - Forums Linux

Removing bootloader completely - Forums Linux

Removing bootloader completely

Posted: 21 Jun 2005 10:11 PM PDT

"Peter T. Breuer" <it.uc3m.es> writes:
 
 

To copy you must read. Try copying a file with read permission.
And
dd if=/dev/hda of=/tmp/mbr bs=512 count=1
will read it and write it to /tmp/mbr, where you can use any editor you
please to do what you want with it. In fact a hex editor on /dev/hda would
probably also do it.
Or
less /dev/hda:
or.....
Of course if you want to understand what it says, you may need to translate
it, but that would be true if the file were written in Urdu as well.

how to one-off print across network?

Posted: 20 Jun 2005 07:13 AM PDT

In comp.os.linux.setup Nico Kadel-Garcia <net>:
 
 

Wonder what this has to do with the possibility of using netcat
to print to a network printer?

--
Michael Heiming (X-PGP-Sig > GPG-Key ID: EDD27B94)
mail: echo qr | perl -pe 'y/a-z/n-za-m/'
#bofh excuse 86: Runt packets

Can't launch ethereal--- bash: ethereal: command not found

Posted: 20 Jun 2005 03:08 AM PDT

oh Alex... You are the MAN.

thanks for teaching me something good.

K

Any one followed "how to build a minimal linux system from source code" and succeded?

Posted: 19 Jun 2005 05:33 PM PDT



Bill Marcum wrote: 
That script, rc.sysinit is so big, but I will post it below.

I will check out the 2 distro and look at their boot script.

As for the bootloader of my build, I use GRUB. This is the one used in
the host, what I do is create a new partition, build my minimal system
over there and modify the grub.conf to pick up my build.

Any other suggestion?

Here is the rc.sysinit below, there are many error messages flashing
over the screen in booting, I add some "sleep 3" to the script and see
some errors like this,

"mount:mount point /proc does not exist"



#!/bin/bash
#
# /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time
#
# Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc.
#

# Rerun ourselves through initlog
if [ -z "$IN_INITLOG" -a -x /sbin/initlog ]; then
exec /sbin/initlog -r /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
fi

# If we're using devfs, start devfsd now - we need the old device names
[ -e /dev/.devfsd -a -x /sbin/devfsd ] && /sbin/devfsd /dev

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/network
fi
if [ -z "$HOSTNAME" -o "$HOSTNAME" = "(none)" ]; then
HOSTNAME=localhost
fi

# Mount /proc (done here so volume labels can work with fsck)
mount -n -t proc /proc /proc

.. /etc/init.d/functions

HOSTTYPE=`uname -m`

if [ "$HOSTTYPE" != "s390" -a "$HOSTTYPE" != "s390x" ]; then
last=0
for i in `LC_ALL=C grep '^[0-9].*respawn:/sbin/mingetty' /etc/inittab
| sed 's/^.* tty\([0-9][0-9]*\).*/\1/g'`; do 
last=$i
done
if [ $last -gt 0 ]; then 
fi
fi

if [ "$CONSOLETYPE" = "vt" -a -x /sbin/setsysfont ]; then
echo -n "Setting default font ($SYSFONT): "
/sbin/setsysfont
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
success
else
failure
fi
echo ; echo
fi

# Print a text banner.
echo -en $"\t\tWelcome to "
if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "Red Hat" /etc/redhat-release ; then
[ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ] && echo -en "\\033[0;31m"
echo -en "Red Hat"
[ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ] && echo -en "\\033[0;39m"
PRODUCT=`sed "s/Red Hat \(.*\) release.*/\1/" /etc/redhat-release`
echo " $PRODUCT"
else
PRODUCT=`sed "s/ release.*//g" /etc/redhat-release`
echo "$PRODUCT"
fi
if [ "$PROMPT" != "no" ]; then
echo -en $"\t\tPress 'I' to enter interactive startup."
echo
fi

# Fix console loglevel
if [ -n "$LOGLEVEL" ]; then
/bin/dmesg -n $LOGLEVEL
fi


# Start the graphical boot, if necessary; /usr may not be mounted yet,
so we
# may have to do this again after mounting
RHGB_STARTED=0
mount -n -t devpts /dev/pts /dev/pts

# Unmount the initrd, if necessary
if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q /initrd /proc/mounts && ! LC_ALL=C fgrep -q
/initrd/loopfs /proc/mounts ; then
if [ -e /initrd/dev/.devfsd ]; then
umount /initrd/dev
fi
umount /initrd
/sbin/blockdev --flushbufs /dev/ram0 >/dev/null 2>&1
fi

if fgrep rhgb /proc/cmdline > /dev/null 2>&1 && [ "$BOOTUP" = "color"
-a "$GRAPHICAL" = "yes" -a -x /usr/bin/rhgb ]; then
/usr/bin/rhgb
RHGB_STARTED=1
fi

# Configure kernel parameters
update_boot_stage RCkernelparam
action $"Configuring kernel parameters: " sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.conf

# Set the system clock.
update_boot_stage RCclock
ARC=0
SRM=0
UTC=0

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/clock ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/clock

# convert old style clock config to new values
if [ "${CLOCKMODE}" = "GMT" ]; then
UTC=true
elif [ "${CLOCKMODE}" = "ARC" ]; then
ARC=true
fi
fi

CLOCKDEF=""
CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --hctosys"

case "$UTC" in
yes|true) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --utc"
CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (utc)" ;;
no|false) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --localtime"
CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (localtime)" ;;
esac
case "$ARC" in
yes|true) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --arc"
CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (arc)" ;;
esac
case "$SRM" in
yes|true) CLOCKFLAGS="$CLOCKFLAGS --srm"
CLOCKDEF="$CLOCKDEF (srm)" ;;
esac

/sbin/hwclock $CLOCKFLAGS

action $"Setting clock $CLOCKDEF: `date`" date

if [ "$CONSOLETYPE" = "vt" -a -x /bin/loadkeys ]; then
KEYTABLE=
KEYMAP=
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/console/default.kmap ]; then
KEYMAP=/etc/sysconfig/console/default.kmap
else
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/keyboard ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard
fi
if [ -n "$KEYTABLE" -a -d "/lib/kbd/keymaps" ]; then
KEYMAP="$KEYTABLE.map"
fi
fi
if [ -n "$KEYMAP" ]; then
# Since this takes in/output from stdin/out, we can't use initlog
if [ -n "$KEYTABLE" ]; then
echo -n $"Loading default keymap ($KEYTABLE): "
else
echo -n $"Loading default keymap: "
fi
loadkeys $KEYMAP < /dev/tty0 > /dev/tty0 2>/dev/null && \
success $"Loading default keymap" || failure $"Loading default
keymap"
echo
fi
fi

# Set the hostname.
update_boot_stage RChostname
action $"Setting hostname ${HOSTNAME}: " hostname ${HOSTNAME}

# Only read this once.
cmdline=$(cat /proc/cmdline)

# Initialiaze ACPI bits
if [ -d /proc/acpi ]; then
for module in /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/acpi/* ; do
insmod $module
done
fi

# Initialize USB controller and HID devices
update_boot_stage RCusb
usb=0
if ! strstr "$cmdline" nousb ; then
if ! LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "usb" /proc/devices 2>/dev/null ; then
aliases=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias usb-controller/ { print
$3 }'`
if [ -n "$aliases" -a "$aliases" != "off" ]; then
modprobe usbcore
for alias in $aliases ; do
[ "$alias" = "off" ] && continue
action $"Initializing USB controller ($alias): " modprobe $alias
done
[ $? -eq 0 -a -n "$aliases" ] && usb=1
fi
fi
if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "usb" /proc/devices 2>/dev/null ; then
usb=1
fi
fi

if [ $usb = 1 -a ! -f /proc/bus/usb/devices ]; then
action $"Mounting USB filesystem: " mount -t usbdevfs usbdevfs
/proc/bus/usb
fi

needusbstorage=
if [ $usb = "1" ]; then
needusbstorage=`LC_ALL=C grep -e "^I.*Cls=08" /proc/bus/usb/devices
2>/dev/null`
LC_ALL=C fgrep 'hid' /proc/bus/usb/drivers || action $"Initializing
USB HID interface: " modprobe hid 2> /dev/null
action $"Initializing USB keyboard: " modprobe keybdev 2> /dev/null
action $"Initializing USB mouse: " modprobe mousedev 2> /dev/null
fi

if [ -f /fastboot ] || strstr "$cmdline" fastboot ; then
fastboot=yes
fi

if [ -f /fsckoptions ]; then
fsckoptions=`cat /fsckoptions`
fi

if [ -f /forcefsck ] || strstr "$cmdline" forcefsck ; then
fsckoptions="-f $fsckoptions"
elif [ -f /.autofsck ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ;
then
chvt 1
fi
echo $"Your system appears to have shut down uncleanly"
AUTOFSCK_TIMEOUT=5
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/autofsck ] && . /etc/sysconfig/autofsck
if [ "$AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK" = "yes" ]; then
AUTOFSCK_OPT=-f
fi

if [ "$PROMPT" != "no" ]; then
if [ "$AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK" = "yes" ]; then
if /sbin/getkey -c $AUTOFSCK_TIMEOUT -m $"Press N within %d seconds
to not force file system integrity check..." n ; then
AUTOFSCK_OPT=
fi
else
if /sbin/getkey -c $AUTOFSCK_TIMEOUT -m $"Press Y within %d seconds
to force file system integrity check..." y ; then
AUTOFSCK_OPT=-f
fi
fi
echo
else
# PROMPT not allowed
if [ "$AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK" = "yes" ]; then
echo $"Forcing file system integrity check due to default setting"
else
echo $"Not forcing file system integrity check due to default
setting"
fi
fi
fsckoptions="$AUTOFSCK_OPT $fsckoptions"
fi

if [ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ]; then
fsckoptions="-C $fsckoptions"
else
fsckoptions="-V $fsckoptions"
fi


_RUN_QUOTACHECK=0
ROOTFSTYPE=`awk '/ \/ / && ($3 !~ /rootfs/) { print $3 }' /proc/mounts`
if [ -z "$fastboot" -a "X$ROOTFSTYPE" != "Xnfs" ]; then

STRING=$"Checking root filesystem"
echo $STRING
initlog -c "fsck -T -a / $fsckoptions"
rc=$?

if [ "$rc" = "0" ]; then
success "$STRING"
echo
elif [ "$rc" = "1" ]; then
passed "$STRING"
echo
fi

# A return of 2 or higher means there were serious problems.
if [ $rc -gt 1 ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping
; then
chvt 1
fi

failure "$STRING"
echo
echo
echo $"*** An error occurred during the file system check."
echo $"*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot"
echo $"*** when you leave the shell."

str=$"(Repair filesystem)"
PS1="$str \# # "; export PS1
sulogin

echo $"Unmounting file systems"
umount -a
mount -n -o remount,ro /
echo $"Automatic reboot in progress."
reboot -f
elif [ "$rc" = "1" ]; then
_RUN_QUOTACHECK=1
fi
fi

# Possibly update quotas if fsck was run on /.
LC_ALL=C grep -E '[[:space:]]+/[[:space:]]+' /etc/fstab | \
awk '{ print $4 }' | \
LC_ALL=C fgrep -q quota
_ROOT_HAS_QUOTA=$?
if [ X"$_RUN_QUOTACHECK" = X1 -a \
"$_ROOT_HAS_QUOTA" = "0" -a \
-x /sbin/quotacheck ]; then
if [ -x /sbin/convertquota ]; then
if [ -f /quota.user ]; then
action $"Converting old user quota files: " \
/sbin/convertquota -u / && rm -f /quota.user
fi
if [ -f /quota.group ]; then
action $"Converting old group quota files: " \
/sbin/convertquota -g / && rm -f /quota.group
fi
fi
action $"Checking root filesystem quotas: " /sbin/quotacheck -nug /
fi

if [ -x /sbin/isapnp -a -f /etc/isapnp.conf -a ! -f /proc/isapnp ];
then
# check for arguments passed from kernel
if ! strstr "$cmdline" nopnp ; then
PNP=yes
fi
if [ -n "$PNP" ]; then
action $"Setting up ISA PNP devices: " /sbin/isapnp /etc/isapnp.conf
else
action $"Skipping ISA PNP configuration at users request: " /bin/true
fi
fi

# Remount the root filesystem read-write.
update_boot_stage RCmountfs
state=`awk '/ \/ / && ($3 !~ /rootfs/) { print $4 }' /proc/mounts`
[ "$state" != "rw" ] && \
action $"Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode: " mount -n -o
remount,rw /

# LVM initialization
if [ -f /etc/lvmtab ]; then
[ -e /proc/lvm ] || modprobe lvm-mod > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ -e /proc/lvm -a -x /sbin/vgchange ]; then
action $"Setting up Logical Volume Management:" /sbin/vgscan &&
/sbin/vgchange -a y
fi
fi

# Start up swapping.
update_boot_stage RCswap
action $"Activating swap partitions: " swapon -a -e

# Clear mtab 

# Remove stale backups
rm -f /etc/mtab~ /etc/mtab~~

# Enter root, /proc and (potentially) /proc/bus/usb and devfs into
mtab.
mount -f /
mount -f /proc
mount -f /dev/pts
[ -f /proc/bus/usb/devices ] && mount -f -t usbdevfs usbdevfs
/proc/bus/usb
[ -e /dev/.devfsd ] && mount -f -t devfs devfs /dev



# The root filesystem is now read-write, so we can now log
# via syslog() directly..
if [ -n "$IN_INITLOG" ]; then
IN_INITLOG=
fi

if ! strstr "$cmdline" nomodules && [ -f /proc/modules ] ; then
USEMODULES=y
fi

unamer=`uname -r`

# Our modutils don't support it anymore, so we might as well remove
# the preferred link.
rm -f /lib/modules/preferred /lib/modules/default
if [ -x /sbin/depmod -a -n "$USEMODULES" ]; then
# If they aren't using a recent sane kernel, make a link for them
if ! strstr $unamer - ; then
ktag="`cat /proc/version`"
mtag=`LC_ALL=C fgrep -l "$ktag" /lib/modules/*/.rhkmvtag 2>
/dev/null`
if [ -n "$mtag" ]; then
mver=`echo $mtag | sed -e 's,/lib/modules/,,' -e
's,/.rhkmvtag,,' -e 's,[ ].*$,,'`
fi
if [ -n "$mver" ]; then
ln -sf /lib/modules/$mver /lib/modules/default
fi
fi
if [ -L /lib/modules/default ]; then
INITLOG_ARGS= action $"Finding module dependencies: " depmod -A
default
else
INITLOG_ARGS= action $"Finding module dependencies: " depmod -A
fi
fi

# tweak isapnp settings if needed.
if [ -n "$PNP" -a -f /proc/isapnp -a -x /sbin/sndconfig ]; then
/sbin/sndconfig --mungepnp >/dev/null 2>&1
fi

# Load sound modules if and only if they need persistent DMA buffers
if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "options sound dmabuf=1" /etc/modules.conf
2>/dev/null ; then
alias=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias sound / { print $3 }'`
if [ -n "$alias" -a "$alias" != "off" ]; then
action $"Loading sound module ($alias): " modprobe sound
fi
alias=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias sound-slot-0 / { print $3 }'`
if [ -n "$alias" -a "$alias" != "off" ]; then
action $"Loading sound module ($alias): " modprobe sound-slot-0
fi
fi

if [ -f /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe ]; then
if [ -n "$USEMODULES" ]; then
sysctl -w kernel.modprobe="/sbin/modprobe" >/dev/null 2>&1
sysctl -w kernel.hotplug="/sbin/hotplug" >/dev/null 2>&1
else
# We used to set this to NULL, but that causes 'failed to exec'
messages"
sysctl -w kernel.modprobe="/bin/true" >/dev/null 2>&1
sysctl -w kernel.hotplug="/bin/true" >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi

# Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs)
if [ -f /etc/rc.modules ]; then
/etc/rc.modules
fi

update_boot_stage RCraid
if [ -f /etc/raidtab ]; then
# Add raid devices
[ -f /proc/mdstat ] || modprobe md >/dev/null 2>&1

if [ -f /proc/mdstat ]; then
echo -n $"Starting up RAID devices: "

rc=0

for i in `awk '{if ($1=="raiddev") print $2}' /etc/raidtab`
do
RAIDDEV=`basename $i`
RAIDSTAT=`LC_ALL=C grep "^$RAIDDEV : active"
/proc/mdstat`
if [ -z "$RAIDSTAT" ]; then
# First scan the /etc/fstab for the "noauto"-flag
# for this device. If found, skip the initialization
# for it to avoid dropping to a shell on errors.
# If not, try raidstart...if that fails then
# fall back to raidadd, raidrun. If that
# also fails, then we drop to a shell
RESULT=1
INFSTAB=`LC_ALL=C grep -c "^$i" /etc/fstab`
if [ $INFSTAB -eq 0 ] ; then
RESULT=0
RAIDDEV="$RAIDDEV(skipped)"
fi
NOAUTO=`LC_ALL=C grep "^$i" /etc/fstab | LC_ALL=C fgrep -c "noauto"`
if [ $NOAUTO -gt 0 ]; then
RESULT=0
RAIDDEV="$RAIDDEV(skipped)"
fi
if [ $RESULT -gt 0 -a -x /sbin/raidstart ]; then
/sbin/raidstart $i
RESULT=$?
fi
if [ $RESULT -gt 0 -a -x /sbin/raid0run ]; then
/sbin/raid0run $i
RESULT=$?
fi
if [ $RESULT -gt 0 -a -x /sbin/raidadd -a -x /sbin/raidrun ]; then
/sbin/raidadd $i
/sbin/raidrun $i
RESULT=$?
fi
if [ $RESULT -gt 0 ]; then
rc=1
fi
echo -n "$RAIDDEV "
else
echo -n "$RAIDDEV "
fi
done
echo

# A non-zero return means there were problems.
if [ $rc -gt 0 ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping
; then
chvt 1
fi
echo
echo
echo $"*** An error occurred during the RAID startup"
echo $"*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot"
echo $"*** when you leave the shell."

str=$"(RAID Repair)"
PS1="$str \# # "; export PS1
sulogin

echo $"Unmounting file systems"
umount -a
mount -n -o remount,ro /
echo $"Automatic reboot in progress."
reboot -f
fi
# LVM initialization, take 2 (it could be on top of RAID)
if [ -e /proc/lvm -a -x /sbin/vgchange -a -f /etc/lvmtab ]; then
action $"Setting up Logical Volume Management:" /sbin/vgscan &&
/sbin/vgchange -a y
fi
fi
fi

if [ -x /sbin/devlabel ]; then
/sbin/devlabel restart
fi

_RUN_QUOTACHECK=0
# Check filesystems
if [ -z "$fastboot" ]; then
STRING=$"Checking filesystems"
echo $STRING
initlog -c "fsck -T -R -A -a $fsckoptions"
rc=$?
if [ "$rc" = "0" ]; then
success "$STRING"
echo
elif [ "$rc" = "1" ]; then
passed "$STRING"
echo
fi

# A return of 2 or higher means there were serious problems.
if [ $rc -gt 1 ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping
; then
chvt 1
fi

failure "$STRING"
echo
echo
echo $"*** An error occurred during the file system check."
echo $"*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot"
echo $"*** when you leave the shell."

str=$"(Repair filesystem)"
PS1="$str \# # "; export PS1
sulogin

echo $"Unmounting file systems"
umount -a
mount -n -o remount,ro /
echo $"Automatic reboot in progress."
reboot -f
elif [ "$rc" = "1" -a -x /sbin/quotacheck ]; then
_RUN_QUOTACHECK=1
fi
fi

# Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is
already
# mounted). Contrary to standard usage,
# filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode.
action $"Mounting local filesystems: " mount -a -t nonfs,smbfs,ncpfs -O
no_netdev

# Start the graphical boot, if necessary and not done yet.
if fgrep rhgb /proc/cmdline > /dev/null 2>&1 && [ "$RHGB_STARTED" -eq 0
-a "$BOOTUP" = "color" -a "$GRAPHICAL" = "yes" -a -x /usr/bin/rhgb ];
then
/usr/bin/rhgb
RHGB_STARTED=1
fi

# check remaining quotas other than root
if [ X"$_RUN_QUOTACHECK" = X1 -a -x /sbin/quotacheck ]; then
if [ -x /sbin/convertquota ]; then
# try to convert old quotas
for mountpt in `awk '$4 ~ /quota/{print $2}' /etc/mtab` ; do
if [ -f "$mountpt/quota.user" ]; then
action $"Converting old user quota files: " \
/sbin/convertquota -u $mountpt && \
rm -f $mountpt/quota.user
fi
if [ -f "$mountpt/quota.group" ]; then
action $"Converting old group quota files: " \
/sbin/convertquota -g $mountpt && \
rm -f $mountpt/quota.group
fi
done
fi
action $"Checking local filesystem quotas: " /sbin/quotacheck -aRnug
fi

if [ -x /sbin/quotaon ]; then
action $"Enabling local filesystem quotas: " /sbin/quotaon -aug
fi

# Configure machine if necessary.
if [ -f /.unconfigured ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ;
then
chvt 1
fi

if [ -x /usr/sbin/kbdconfig ]; then
/usr/sbin/kbdconfig
fi
if [ -x /usr/bin/passwd ]; then
/usr/bin/passwd root
fi
if [ -x /usr/sbin/netconfig ]; then
/usr/sbin/netconfig
fi
if [ -x /usr/sbin/timeconfig ]; then
/usr/sbin/timeconfig
fi
if [ -x /usr/sbin/authconfig ]; then
/usr/sbin/authconfig --nostart
fi
if [ -x /usr/sbin/ntsysv ]; then
/usr/sbin/ntsysv --level 35
fi

# Reread in network configuration data.
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Reset the hostname.
action $"Resetting hostname ${HOSTNAME}: " hostname ${HOSTNAME}
fi

rm -f /.unconfigured
fi

# Clean out /.
rm -f /fastboot /fsckoptions /forcefsck /.autofsck /halt /poweroff

# Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don't set them up, but the sysadmin
might...
_NEED_XFILES=
[ -f /var/run/utmpx -o -f /var/log/wtmpx ] && _NEED_XFILES=1

# Clean up /var. I'd use find, but /usr may not be mounted.
for afile in /var/lock/* /var/run/* ; do
if [ -d "$afile" ]; then
case "$afile" in
*/news|*/mon) ;;
*/sudo|*/vmware) rm -f $afile/*/* ;;
*) rm -f $afile/* ;;
esac
else
rm -f $afile
fi
done
rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db*

# Reset pam_console permissions
[ -x /sbin/pam_console_apply ] && /sbin/pam_console_apply -r

{
# Clean up utmp/wtmp 
touch /var/log/wtmp
chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/wtmp
chmod 0664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/wtmp
if [ -n "$_NEED_XFILES" ]; then 
touch /var/log/wtmpx
chgrp utmp /var/run/utmpx /var/log/wtmpx
chmod 0664 /var/run/utmpx /var/log/wtmpx
fi

# Delete X locks
rm -f /tmp/.X*-lock

# Delete VNC & X locks
rm -rf /tmp/.X*-unix

# Delete ICE locks
rm -rf /tmp/.ICE-unix

# Delete Postgres sockets
rm -f /tmp/.s.PGSQL.*

# Now turn on swap in case we swap to files.
swapon -a
action $"Enabling swap space: " /bin/true

# Initialize the serial ports.
if [ -f /etc/rc.serial ]; then
. /etc/rc.serial
fi

# If a SCSI tape has been detected, load the st module unconditionally
# since many SCSI tapes don't deal well with st being loaded and
unloaded
if [ -f /proc/scsi/scsi -a -n "$USEMODULES" ]; then
if LC_ALL=C fgrep -q 'Type: Sequential-Access' /proc/scsi/scsi
2>/dev/null ; then
if LC_ALL=C fgrep -qv ' 9 st' /proc/devices ; then
modprobe st >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
fi

# Load usb storage here, to match most other things
if [ -n "$needusbstorage" ]; then
modprobe usb-storage >/dev/null 2>&1
fi

# Ooh, firewire too.
if ! strstr "$cmdline" nofirewire ; then
aliases=`/sbin/modprobe -c | awk '/^alias ieee1394-controller/ {
print $3 }'`
if [ -n "$aliases" -a "$aliases" != "off" ]; then
for alias in $aliases ; do
[ "$alias" = "off" ] && continue
action $"Initializing firewire controller ($alias): " modprobe $alias
done
LC_ALL=C fgrep -q "SBP2" /proc/bus/ieee1394/devices 2>/dev/null
&& \
modprobe sbp2 >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi

# If they asked for ide-scsi, load it
if strstr "$cmdline" ide-scsi ; then
modprobe ide-cd >/dev/null 2>&1
modprobe ide-scsi >/dev/null 2>&1
fi

# Turn on harddisk optimization
# There is only one file /etc/sysconfig/harddisks for all disks
# after installing the hdparm-RPM. If you need different hdparm
parameters
# for each of your disks, copy /etc/sysconfig/harddisks to
# /etc/sysconfig/harddiskhda (hdb, hdc...) and modify it.
# Each disk which has no special parameters will use the defaults.
# Each non-disk which has no special parameters will be ignored.
#

disk[0]=s;
disk[1]=hda; disk[2]=hdb; disk[3]=hdc; disk[4]=hdd;
disk[5]=hde; disk[6]=hdf; disk[7]=hdg; disk[8]=hdh;
disk[9]=hdi; disk[10]=hdj; disk[11]=hdk; disk[12]=hdl;
disk[13]=hdm; disk[14]=hdn; disk[15]=hdo; disk[16]=hdp;
disk[17]=hdq; disk[18]=hdr; disk[19]=hds; disk[20]=hdt;


if [ -x /sbin/hdparm ]; then
for device in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20;
do
unset MULTIPLE_IO USE_DMA EIDE_32BIT LOOKAHEAD EXTRA_PARAMS
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/harddisk${disk[$device]} ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/harddisk${disk[$device]}
HDFLAGS[$device]=
if [ -n "$MULTIPLE_IO" ]; then
HDFLAGS[$device]="-q -m$MULTIPLE_IO"
fi
if [ -n "$USE_DMA" ]; then
HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]} -q
-d$USE_DMA"
fi
if [ -n "$EIDE_32BIT" ]; then
HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]} -q
-c$EIDE_32BIT"
fi
if [ -n "$LOOKAHEAD" ]; then
HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]} -q
-A$LOOKAHEAD"
fi
if [ -n "$EXTRA_PARAMS" ]; then
HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[$device]}
$EXTRA_PARAMS"
fi
else
HDFLAGS[$device]="${HDFLAGS[0]}"
fi
if [ -e "/proc/ide/${disk[$device]}/media" ]; then
hdmedia=`cat /proc/ide/${disk[$device]}/media`
if [ "$hdmedia" = "disk" -o -f
"/etc/sysconfig/harddisk${disk[$device]}" ]; then
if [ -n "${HDFLAGS[$device]}" ]; then
action $"Setting hard drive parameters for
${disk[$device]}: " /sbin/hdparm ${HDFLAGS[$device]}
/dev/${disk[$device]}
fi
fi
fi
done
fi

# Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else.
if [ -x /usr/sbin/redhat-config-network-cmd ]; then
if strstr "$cmdline" netprofile= ; then
for arg in $cmdline ; do
if [ "${arg##netprofile=}" != "${arg}" ]; then
/usr/sbin/redhat-config-network-cmd --profile ${arg##netprofile=}
fi
done
fi
fi

# Generate a header that defines the boot kernel.
/sbin/mkkerneldoth

# Adjust symlinks as necessary in /boot to keep system services from
# spewing messages about mismatched System maps and so on.
if [ -L /boot/System.map -a -r /boot/System.map-$unamer -a \
! /boot/System.map -ef /boot/System.map-$unamer ]; then
ln -s -f System.map-$unamer /boot/System.map
fi
if [ ! -e /boot/System.map -a -r /boot/System.map-$unamer ]; then
ln -s -f System.map-$unamer /boot/System.map
fi

# The special Red Hat kernel library symlink must point to the right
library
# We need to deal with cases where there is no library, and we need to
# deal with any version numbers that show up.
shopt -s nullglob
for library in /lib/kernel/$unamer/libredhat-kernel.so* ; do
ln -f $library /lib/
ldconfig -n /lib/
done
shopt -u nullglob

# Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel
going,
# let's dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later
dmesg -s 131072 > /var/log/dmesg
# Also keep kernel symbols around in case we need them for debugging
i=5
while [ $i -ge 0 ]; do
if [ -f /var/log/ksyms.$i ]; then
chmod 0600 /var/log/ksyms.$i
mv /var/log/ksyms.$i /var/log/ksyms.$(($i+1))
fi
i=$(($i-1))
done
{ date
uname -a
cat /proc/cpuinfo
[ -r /proc/modules ] && cat /proc/modules
[ -r /proc/ksyms ] && cat /proc/ksyms
} > /var/log/ksyms.0
chmod 600 /var/log/ksyms.0
# create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with
timeout
touch /.autofsck
kill -TERM `/sbin/pidof getkey` >/dev/null 2>&1
} &
if strstr "$cmdline" confirm ; then
touch /var/run/confirm
fi
if [ "$PROMPT" != "no" ]; then
/sbin/getkey i && touch /var/run/confirm
fi
wait

# Let rhgb know that we're leaving rc.sysinit
if [ -x /usr/bin/rhgb-client ] && /usr/bin/rhgb-client --ping ; then
/usr/bin/rhgb-client --sysinit
fi

CPU Fan Constantly Blowing

Posted: 18 Jun 2005 06:17 AM PDT

John Thompson wrote: 
Noise reduction is another very valid reason.

Jeff

getting xterm colors changed

Posted: 17 Jun 2005 10:16 AM PDT

On Sat, 18 Jun 2005 03:18:07 -0500, Hal Murray
<org> wrote: 
Like most other things in GNU/Linux, you can change the colors if you
know where to look. man dircolors. Or you can choose not to use
color.
 


--
I cannot believe that God plays dice with the cosmos.
-- Albert Einstein, on the randomness of quantum mechanics

Now it boots, now it doesn't

Posted: 17 Jun 2005 05:51 AM PDT

On Fri, 17 Jun 2005 07:49:30 -0700, bxf wrote:
 

You still should post which version of linux, kernel version, and error
message(s) you get when the boot fails. It's from that we would be able
to help you.

Configure DSL and Linux network

Posted: 16 Jun 2005 07:32 PM PDT

com wrote in news:1118975524.162199.71560
@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com:
 

Pretty complicated. With a Westell modem/router, you could plug the modem
ethernet cable into a hub (Can use switches instead of a hus, switches
are more expensive.), then plug each computer into the hub with an
ethernet cable. You can plug a wireless access point into the hub and
even more hubs into the hub. The modem will give out IP addresses and set
the linux machines to use DHCP and the windows machine to automatic TCP
config. Give each machine a name and you should be all set. Install samba
to share stuff from linux to Windows, use the same workgroup on all
machines, and this will work and is not that hard to do.

Yes there are further details but if you don't think you like this idea,
then no point on going on further. This would be the simplest way to do
it though. If you want more details then tell what distro you are using
on the linux machines and "what kind of talking" that you need between
the machines. Are you sharing drives and printers? Do you want to use one
of the linux talk programs? Will you be running any servers like web,
ftp, or games?

Webmin is a most excellent linux tool to configure everything linux, from
hardware and networking to all system processes and samba sharing. You
use webmin from your browser to config the linux machines, can sit at
your XP machine and use your browser and webmin to configure and
administer your linux machines right from one browser. Pretty cool.
http://www.webmin.com

Those external Ethernet Westell modem/routers kick butt, I use one at
work for 10 machines all over the place and they all have blazing
Internet and can share between them all. Using them for all small
LAN/Internet stuff now and they are a dream come true. They are easy to
setup and configure with the web interface. I setup all my friends and
family this way because they work, stay connected to the Internet all the
time if you want, and are powerful if you want to IP forward or port
forward, use various services, etc.

I have a small LAN with a Westell Wirespeed 2100 modem/router and have 1
Fedora Core 3 machine and two Windows XP Pro machines fed from it. No
problems at all, this setup rocks.

--
~Ohmster
"Read Ohmster" in subject, bypass spam filter.
ohmster /a/t/ newsguy dot com

Finding compatible Linux

Posted: 16 Jun 2005 10:23 AM PDT

On Thu, 16 Jun 2005 17:23:10 +0000, Ken Knecht wrote:
 
Caveat: I am not using Xandros v2.

Yes, it might be a little bit difficult. On the other hand, it might be
easy. You'll never know until you try.

1. Back up windows (or not, you choose.)
2. Pick a distribution (debian, mepis, fedora, etc.)
3. Get started.

I looked at the HP site for the Compaq Presario 5000T. That looks like a
fairly standard PC. Was there something specific giving you trouble? The
fact you can run Knoppix is a sign that you should be able to run other
distributions with little trouble.

[newbie] GRUB and 2nd HD

Posted: 15 Jun 2005 05:29 PM PDT

On Thu, 16 Jun 2005 16:10:23 GMT, Lucas Raab wrote: 

Then 1024 limit will not exist for grub.

network adapter: broken in windows, works in linux?

Posted: 15 Jun 2005 09:27 AM PDT

M Trimble wrote:
.... 

sorry, additional information: I don't have physical access to the
router to do that, the landlord doesn't like the wires. Free 802.11b
internet access is included with the rent :)

now, I've used the adapter on both eth0 and eth1 of computer one, under
linux, so I know that the adapter and eth0 and eth1 all "work." I've
also used the adapter on computer2, which only has one ethernet plug.
so, I know that computer2 works fine. I've even go to the length of
re-installing windows on both machines.

the wl-330g was initially configured under window 'cause there's a gui
utility for windows. it *can* be configured without the gui, also, but
it was, err, challenging for me ;)

so, on the dual-boot machine, computer1, I configured the adapter from
windows. I used the adapter for a long time without touching windows.
I re-formatted the windows partition FAT32 (got rid of the FAT32 swap).
after doing that, now the problems. now is when I need the darn
thing, the adapter, to work for my own intranet.
 

yes, the adapter works under linux on computer1. the adapter works
like a charm in either eth0 or eth1, same difference. I've ruled out a
hardware issue, except for the problem between windows and wl-330g. in
the past I've use the wl-330g on computer2, also.

I've been reading the pdf manual (lost the paper version). on page 4
there's a picture of the wl-330g connected to a switch:


"Device Installation

Using DC power

1. Insert one end of the supplied RJ-45 cable to the WL-330g Ethernet
port.

2. Insert the other of the RJ-45 cable to a network hub, switch,
router or wall
patch Ethernet port.

3. Connect the power adapter plug to the WL-330g DC-IN socket.

4. Connect the WL-330g power adapter to a wall socket.

5. Connect the network hub, switch, or router power adapter plug to
the DC-IN
socket of the device.

6. connect the network hub, switch, or router power adapter to a wall
socket."


in the picture there's a third socket/hole/button/whatever on the far
right. I can't find any mention as to what this is.


and, on page 19 the manual states that

"
Device setup

Using the device in a local network

You can use the WL-330g to connect a WLAN-enabled computer to a local
network with
or without a DHCP server.

To connect a WLAN-enabled computer to a local network:

1. Switch the WL-330g to AP mode. (Default SSID: AP xxxxx), then turn
on the
device.

2. Connect one end of the supplied RJ-45 cable to the Ethernet port of
the device
and the other end to the Ethernet port of the local network.

3.) Use the WLAN adapter software in the WLAN enabled computer to
perform a Site
Survey. Make sure the computer's WLAN adapter is set to Infrastructure
mode.

4.) Establish connection with the WL-330g.

5.) Set the IP configuration of the computer to establis connection to
the local
network. Verify you connection.

Use the Wireless Setting Utility to change WL-330g SSID or encryption
settings."

now, I've been trying this without flipping the switch the device from
"adapter" to "access point", my fault. however, I don't believe it'll
work even if I try this other way. I say that because the adapter is
invisible, at least to windows. the hub I have is untested.

hmm, perhaps I should set up ftp, or whatever, between computer1 and
computer2 to rule out hardware problems. this is taking way too long
to muck with. there's a linux community meeting coming up, but even
that's just taking far too long.
 

yes, i've posted several times at
<http://vip.asus.com/forum/bbs.aspx?board_id=11&SLanguage=en-us>
without response. I even posted about the java-script "server busy"
error every time I try to contact asus support. I wonder if I need to
using their web-form from internet explorer. grr.

I don't have a phone, but I'll give them a call from a payphone or
something, I guess.


any thoughts?



thanks,

Thufir

About the Linux Redhat 8.0 CPU Cache

Posted: 12 Jun 2005 11:09 AM PDT

QuangLe wrote: 

Of course it does show the same: your hardware is the same.

I get about the same: four like this:

processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 2
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.06GHz
stepping : 5
cpu MHz : 3056.552
cache size : 512 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
runqueue : 0
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 2
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca
cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm
bogomips : 6094.84

Cache size is a little misleading as my processors have a 1024MB L3 cache as
well as the 512KB L2 cache and the L1 caches. The problem I believe you have
in understanding these data is that they omit the L1 and L3 cache
information. What you may be seeking will be in your /var/log/messages,
shortly after the boot process has started, like here (leading columns deleted):

kernel: Initializing CPU#0
kernel: Detected 3056.552 MHz processor.
kernel: Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
kernel: Calibrating delay loop... 6094.84 BogoMIPS
kernel: Page-cache hash table entries: 2097152 (order: 11, 8192 KB)
kernel: Page-pin hash table entries: 524288 (order: 9, 2048 KB)
kernel: Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8192 KB)
kernel: Inode cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4096 KB)
kernel: Buffer cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 9, 2048 KB)
kernel: Memory: 4096068k/4325376k available
(1716k kernel code, 93048k reserved, 1302k data,
228k init, 3276224k highmem)
kernel: Mount cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
kernel: CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
kernel: CPU: L2 cache: 512K
kernel: CPU: L3 cache: 1024K
kernel: CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
kernel: Intel machine check architecture supported.
kernel: Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.

 


--
.~. Jean-David Beyer Registered Linux User 85642.
/V\ PGP-Key: 9A2FC99A Registered Machine 241939.
/( )\ Shrewsbury, New Jersey http://counter.li.org
^^-^^ 13:05:00 up 1 day, 6:54, 3 users, load average: 4.34, 4.32, 4.21